The Tamins rock avalanche (eastern Switzerland): timing and emplacement processes

Abstract The Tamins rock avalanche lies adjacent to the Flims avalanche, largest in Alps. Its deposit forms a ridge across Rhine Valley just downstream of confluence Vorderrhein and Hinterrhein rivers. is dominated by 1.6-km-long longitudinal ridge, Ils Aults, two roughly 600-m-long transverse ridges. Several extensional scarps bear witness spreading deposit. A breach through deposit, where River presently flows, reveals carapace intense fragmentation. Exposure dating using cosmogenic 36 Cl yields an age 9420 ± 880 years. This suggests that event occurred time frame similar but was slightly earlier than as also required stratigraphic relationships. 3D volume modeling bulking only 14%. motion seems have first flexible block, which underwent fragmentation simple shearing top moved faster bottom. ensuing led formation scarps. There no identified weak layer along sliding surface; nevertheless, friction angle 10°.